The Canine Genome

Understanding the Canine Genome: Unlocking the Secrets of Your Dog’s DNA

At Gemini Genetics, we’re passionate about helping pet owners preserve the unique genetic legacy of their beloved dogs. But what makes each dog so unique? The answer lies deep within the canine genome—a complex code that determines everything from your dog’s appearance to their health, temperament, and even their suitability for pet cloning.

What is the Canine Genome?

The canine genome is the complete set of genetic instructions found in a dog’s DNA. Every dog, whether a loyal companion or a champion show dog, carries approximately 2.4 billion DNA base pairs organized into 78 chromosomes. This genetic blueprint controls every aspect of a dog’s development, from the colour of their coat to their intelligence, behaviour, and risk for certain inherited diseases.

Did you know?

• Dogs share about 84% of their genes with humans
• The first dog genome was fully sequenced in 2005.
• Despite over 350 recognised breeds, most dogs are genetically very similar—just a small fraction of DNA differences account for the huge diversity in shape, size, and personality.
• Genes influence not only appearance, but also super senses like smell (up to 100,000 times more sensitive than humans) and hearing.

Why Study the Canine Genome?

Understanding the canine genome has revolutionized veterinary medicine, breeding, and even pet cloning. By decoding a dog’s DNA, scientists and veterinarians can:

• Identify inherited diseases: Early detection of genetic conditions such as hip dysplasia or heart disease can lead to better treatment and breeding decisions.
• Preserve rare or valuable traits: For working, show, or rare breed dogs, genetic analysis ensures that important traits are maintained for future generations.
• Support responsible breeding: Genetic screening helps prevent the spread of harmful mutations and promotes healthier, happier pets.

Fun fact:

• Dogs Have 78 Chromosomes

That’s 39 pairs—compared to humans’ 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). This difference contributes to their unique biology.

The Canine Genome and Genetic Preservation

At Gemini Genetics, we specialize in genetic preservation for dogs, cats and horses. By carefully collecting and storing your dog’s DNA, via skin sample preservation, we ensure that their unique genetic code is available for future regenerative technologies—including dog cloning.

How Does Genetic Preservation Work?

• Sample Collection: We require a small skin biopsy and, where possible, a vial of blood. Samples should be collected within five days of your dog’s passing and kept chilled—not frozen—for maximum viability. For step-by-step instructions, visit our sample collection guide.
• DNA Analysis: Where a blood sample is available, we work with trusted partners like Animal Genetics to independently verify your dog’s DNA profile, ensuring accuracy and peace of mind. Where a blood sample isn’t available, the DNA profiling is completed from the preserved skin sample, when you progress to cloning via our partner, ViaGen Pets 
• Long-term Storage: Your dog’s genetic material is preserved in our secure UK laboratory, ready for future use—if / when you are ready to proceed to cloning.

Canine Cloning: Bringing the Genome to Life

Cloning is the process of creating a new dog with the same genetic makeup as your original pet. Thanks to advances in canine genome research, cloned dogs share the same genetic profile as the original dog. This genetic match allows for the similarity in appearance, temperament, and lifespan seen between clones and their original.

Did you know?

• Cloned dogs are genetically identical to the original dog
• People clone their pets to continue the legacy of a much loved animal
• The cloned dog and the original dog are genetically identical twins. Just born at different moments in time.

Why Choose Gemini Genetics?

• UK’s First Dedicated Genetic Preservation Centre: We are the only company in the UK and Europe offering specialized genetic banking for pet cloning.
• Expertise You Can Trust: Partnered with ViaGen Pets, we adhere to world leading expertise in pet genetic preservation for cloning.
• Partnerships with Leading Cloning Experts: We work closely with ViaGen Pets & Equine to provide clients with access to the world leaders in cat, dog and horse cloning.
• Compassionate Support: Our team understands that every dog is “not just a dog,” but a cherished companion. We offer guidance and support throughout the preservation and cloning process.

The Future of Dog DNA

Ongoing research into the canine genome promises even more breakthroughs in pet health, longevity, and preservation. Whether you’re interested in safeguarding your dog’s legacy or exploring the possibilities of cloning, understanding the canine genome is the first step.

Interested in preserving your dog’s genetics or learning more about canine cloning?

Contact Gemini Genetics today or explore our dog cloning services for more information.